ミロシェビッチ関連リンク 戦争犯罪
The charges against Milosevic (The Guardian, Mar.11,06)
ガーディアンから。ミロシェビッチの戦争犯罪の概略。
The case, being held at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague, is the first attempt to prosecute for war crimes since the end of the second world war.
Milosevic faced three count of crimes against humanity and one charge of violating the laws or customs of war. The most serious indictment against him related to genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. Milosevic was accused of being behind the killing of thousands of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, including the infamous massacre of civilians at Srebrenica in 1995.
There were two charges of crimes against humanity relating to atrocities carried out in Kosovo in 1999 and in Croatia in 1991 and 1992. Serbian troops were described in court as committing acts of "almost medieval savagery and a calculated cruelty that went far beyond the bounds of legitimate warfare".
It was not in dispute that Serbian troops were involved in ethnic cleansing and killing civilians indiscriminately. The court was trying to decide whether Milosevic knew about these atrocities and ordered them or had failed to stop them. Had Milosevic been found guilty he would have faced life imprisonment, the maximum sentence available to the court.
上記に出てくる”スレブレニツァ（スレブレニカ）の虐殺”に関してはココ（日本語）参照。ただ、留意したほうがいいのは当時の報道は「民族浄化」なるキーワードを初めとして反セルビア色に偏っている面がある。実際には双方向で「民族浄化」をしあっていたのが実態だ、という見方も多い（参照１）（参照２）（参照３）。
It is better to halt mass murder than to clean it up afterwards (The Guardian Mar, 13, 2006)
ガーディアンの記事。戦争犯罪の最高責任者を実証的に裁くのは難しい、という一般的な話題から入るのだが（ミロシェビッチの訴追には統計を利用した手段も使われている*1）、そのバルカン紛争に関する英国における報道にリアルタイムで携わった記者として、当時の自分の判断の間違いを振り返っている。紛争介入に反対したのは間違っていた、という反省だ。この反省から二人目のミロシェビッチを出さぬためには紛争への圧倒的な軍事力による早期介入を、と結論している。これを読んで思うのは、９０年代のバルカンにおける民族紛争が、００年代の欧米における"Preventive Warfare"戦争抑止的戦争、という考え方へかなり影響しているんだろうな、ということ。あのときにもっと早く止めていれば、と思った当事者が連続して今の論調や政治に携わっているということなのである。
セルビアの最高実力者ミロシェビッチ王朝の興亡。日本人の著者が書いたミロシェビッチ政権の栄枯盛衰。
以下「国際正義のための連合より。ミロシェビッチの戦争犯罪概略。
Former President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, was indicted on May 22, 1999 on 3 counts of crimes against humanity and 1 count of violations of the laws or customs of war for the murder, persecution, and deportation of Kosovo Albanian citizens. According to the Indictment, as president, Milosevic had the power to order the implementation of a national defense plan and to command authority of federal and republican police units. In addition to these de jure powers, Milosevic exercised de facto control over functions and institutions formally under the control of the Serbian provincial government, including the Serbian police force. He was responsible for the actions of his subordinates within the armed forces (VJ) and police forces who committed the alleged crimes in Kosovo. The Second Amended Indictment filed on July 26, 2004 charges Slobodan Milosevic with participation in a “joint criminal enterprise” between August 1991 and June 1992, with the purpose of forcible removal of the majority of the Croat and other non-Serb population from one-third of the territory of the Republic of Croatia as an area planned to become part of a new Serb-dominated state. Milosevic was also charged on both individual and superior criminal responsibility with 9 counts of breaches of Geneva Conventions, 13 violations of the laws or customs of war and 10 counts of crimes against humanity. The Indictment against Slobodan Milosevic for crimes committed on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, charges him on the basis of both individual and superior criminal responsibility with 2 counts of genocide and complicity in genocide, 10 counts of crimes against humanity and 8 counts of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and 9 counts of violations of the laws or customs of war. According to the Indictment the Federal Presidency had effective control over the Yugoslav Peoples’ Army (JNA) as its "Commander-in-Chief" and other units under the supervision of the JNA. Milosevic also exercised control over the Serbian MUP as well as in the State Security (DB), which directed the actions of the Special Forces and Serb paramilitary groups operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Milosevic was arrested in Serbia on April 1, 2001 and transferred to the ICTY on June 29 2001. He pleaded “not guilty” for all counts of the “Kosovo” Indictment on July 3, 2001; for “Croatia” Indictment on October 29, 2001, and for “Bosnia” Indictment on “December 11, 2001”. Trial commenced on 12 February 2002. The case is still on trial.
関連して見たいな、と思ったのは、『エグザイル・イン・サラエヴォ』というドキュメンタリー映画。監督のインタビュー。
